German Institute for Global and Area Studies | Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien

German Institute for Global and Area Studies | Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien

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desiguALdades.net – Migration and Unequal Citizenship

  • Social inequality is deeply engrained in Latin American societies. Where public policies have largely failed to bring about equitable and sustainable development, hundreds of thousands each year attempt to improve their socio-economic plight by emigration. However, migration creates new issues of inequality of economic, social and political status as much in the receiving as in the sending societies. The project explores the relationship between migration and unequal citizenship.
    BMFTR, 2014-2016

    Team

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Kooperationspartner

    Forschungsfragen

    The project addresses the dilemma of migration as a form to overcome socio-economic inequalities embedded in the international hierarchy of states while at the same time calling into question the citizenship status of the migrants, creating new inequalities and dependence on the political spaces for negotiation within the framework of the receiving nation-state. It hence asks how two current trends a) to extend citizenship rights to non-citizen migrants (denizens) in the country of residence, and b) to extend rights to emigrated citizens in the country of origin (diaspora engagement policies) reshape the nature of citizenship and how this impacts on the stratification of multi-dimensional inequalities.

    Beitrag zu internationaler Forschung

    International research on social inequalities has moved beyond uni-dimensional models focused on income or class cleavages to include multiple dimensions and modalities of inequalities such as those based on gender or ethnic identities. However, even these broader approaches, as forwarded in the inter-sectionality literature, has scarcely addressed the impact of transnational relations and the implications of mass migration on societal inequalities. In analysing the unequal citizenship status of the migrants in regard to both the country of origin as that of destiny the research project thus addresses a blind spot of current research on interdependent inequalities. Moreover it fills a gap by explicitly linking this analytical perspective on the changing nature of societies with the empirical study on governmental initiatives to reach out to their diaspora or to promote the entitlement of non-citizen residents, thus changing the forms and norms of citizenship in an increasingly interdependent world.

    Forschungsdesign und Methoden

    Three Latin American countries (Ecuador, Bolivia and Colombia) were selected for comparative case studies on the inclusion of migrants as denizens in the state of residence as well as on policies of diaspora engagement adopted or debated in the political arena. A key question is as to how far the countries‘ institutional configurations and migration profiles shape the policy approaches regarding the entitlement of denizens and/or migrants to citizenship rights. To this end, the project will systematically analyse political documents, parliamentary debates and other data on these questions, and researchers will conduct interviews with key actors in the process.

    Vorläufige Ergebnisse

    Preliminary results show profound differences in the region as to the policies applied to diasporas abroad and those applied to migrants in the country. For instance, in 1998 Mexico re-defined its citizenship-by-birth as 'permanent', therefore allowing dual citizenship. Then, in 2005 external voting rights were introduced. All these benefited Mexican communities abroad. In contrast to this ‘external liberalisation’, foreign residents in Mexico itself are still legally deprived of all kind of political rights, and also face important restrictions in both civic and labour ones. Such unequal treatment also applies to other communities such as naturalised citizens or dual nationals living in Mexico. All this points at a strong influence of ideological (e.g. nationalist) considerations, and goes against the current trends in Latin America, where more liberal policies towards migrants are increasingly been adopted, including political rights in the local level.

    Projektbezogene Publikationen

    Beitrag | 04.2016

    Report on Citizenship Law: Honduras

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Migration Letters | 2016

    Second-class Citizens: Naturalization Policies in Mexico

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Desigualdades.net Working Papers | 2015

    Apertura externa, exclusión interna. El Nacionalismo Revolucionario y los derechos de migrantes, mexicanos por naturalización, y doble nacionales en México

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Weitere Inhalte zum Thema

    Coloquio de Verano

    Konferenz | 17.03.2015 - 20.03.2015

    Coloquio de Verano

    Coloquio de Verano, Mexico City Organisation: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Henio Hoyo (Panelbeitragende:r)

    Espacios urbanos: entre la movilidad social y la segregación. Movilidad Social y Desigualdades Interdependientes

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Inequalities and Citizenship

    Kooperationsveranstaltung | 13.11.2015

    Inequalities and Citizenship

    Inequalities and Citizenship, Hamburg Organisation: desiguALdades.net - Research Network on nterdependent Inequalities in Latin America , German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) Henio Hoyo (Panelbeitragende:r)

    Inequalities and Citizenship. desiguALdades.net Colloquium

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

    Second-class Citizens: The Unequal Status of Naturalized Mexicans

    Konferenz | 02.07.2015 - 03.07.2015

    Second-class Citizens: The Unequal Status of Naturalized Mexicans

    Naturalization Policies and Practices in the Global South, Universität Köln, Köln Organisation: Global South Studies Center, Universität zu Köln Henio Hoyo (Vortragende:r)

    Henio Hoyo

    Ehemals GIGA-Teammitglied

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