This article uses the concept of geonarratives and a dataset of nearly 3000 newspaper articles from Egypt, the Gulf countries, Iraq and Lebanon to analyse the perceptions and space framing assumptions of Russian geopolitical imaginaries in the Arab world and how history is mobilized to support them.
Promoting civil society has been a standard component of post-conflict democratic peacebuilding. In post-2003 Iraq, however, the international coalition's introduction of the muhasasa system (apportionment) inhibited local nongovernmental organizations' ability to hold the government to account and made many NGOs into vehicles of state capture.
