Africa’s Marginal Role in Germany’s First National Security Strategy

African states and the African Union do not feature prominently as political actors in Germany’s National Security Strategy. Yet the coup in Niger, with its direct impact on the withdrawal of the Bundeswehr from Mali, is an example of how political developments on the African continent have far-reaching consequences for German foreign and security policy.

• The National Security Strategy is characterised by the spirit of the so-called Zeitenwende. This emphasis overlooks that Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine – which constituted a turning point for Europe, was perceived differently by African countries, which have experienced decades of violent conflict on the continent.

• Although the strategy document is based on the premise of a multipolar world order, the focus is on Western partners such as the EU and NATO. The BRICS and the G20, which are not even mentioned by name, play a marginal role.

• In contrast to the security strategies of France, Great Britain, and the United States, the African continent is neglected in the German security strategy and mentioned only twice. Nevertheless, the concept of “integrated security” – which foresees a better integration of military engagement, diplomacy, and development cooperation – offers important impetus for future cooperation with Africa.

Policy Implications

Germany and the EU must better adapt their foreign and security policy to the increasing presence of China and Russia on the African continent. African states have shown that they are flexible in their choice of partners. This not only poses challenges for the West, but also presents opportunities if Western countries succeed in making better offers when it comes to cooperation.

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